applied mathematics is a cumulative body of mathematical knowledge acquired in a direct response to the challenges of the human development, or adapted from pure mathematics to deal with concrete scientific or engineering questions. one of the most common manifestations of the use of mathematics in addressing practical problems is mathematical modelling. mathematical models are widely used in all avenues of science and engineering, in fields as diverse as economics, bioinformatics, image processing, epidemiology, as well as the more traditional fields of physics or chemistry.